The neuromuscular basis of swimming movements in embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis.
نویسندگان
چکیده
When removed from their egg membranes, Xenopus embryos can swim. High-speed cinematography shows that, in swimming, lateral undulations pass rostro-caudally down the body. The swimming rhythm period is 40-100 ms. In swimming, electrical activity in myotomal muscles alternates on opposite sides of a segment and sweeps rostro-caudally in ipsilateral myotomes. Myotome muscle physiology was examined. Muscle fibres are electrically coupled to each other, and the fibres are able to spike. The possible role of a myotomal conduction pathway in swimming is discussed.
منابع مشابه
Behavioral development in the absence of neural activity: effects of chronic immobilization on amphibian embryos.
Embryos of Xenopus laevis and Ambystoma mexicanum were continually immobilized from premotile stages of development to stages at which normally reared embryos were swimming well. Immobilization was achieved through exposure to solutions of chloretone, lidocaine, or alpha-bungarotoxin. At a number of stages after recovery from the drugs, spontaneous and stimulated behaviors were extensively quan...
متن کاملExpression of hsp90 Alpha and hsp90 Beta during Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development
Background: Members of the eukaryotic Hsp90 family function as important molecular chaperones in the assembly, folding and activation of cellular signaling in development. Two hsp90 genes, hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta, have been identified in fish and homeothermic vertebrates but not in poikilothermic vertebrates. In the present study, the expression of hsp90 alpha and hsp90 beta genes in Xenopus...
متن کاملAlterations in ambient salinity and pH lead to modulation of developmental gene expression in Microhyla ornata (Duméril and Bibron) and Xenopus laevis (Daudin).
Naturally fertilized Microhyla ornata and Xenopus laevis embryos at dorsal lip of blastopore stage were exposed to 0.3, and 0.6% sodium chloride for high salinity treatment and dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide for treatment with low and high pH, respectively. After treatment for different durations, embryos were studied morphologically and using in situ hybridization with selected ...
متن کاملThe action of acetylcholine on the locomotor central pattern generator for swimming in Xenopus embryos.
Rhythmic locomotion in Xenopus laevis embryos is controlled by a central pattern generator in the spinal cord. This was demonstrated in experiments in which movements were blocked by tubocurarine or o--bungarotoxin (Kahn and Roberts, 1982a; Boothby and Roberts, 1988) and activity was recorded either extracellularly with suction electrodes on the ventral roots or intracellularly with microelectr...
متن کاملThe neuromuscular basis of rhythmic struggling movements in embryos of Xenopus laevis.
Xenopus embryos struggle when restrained. Struggling involves rhythmic movements of large amplitude, in which waves of bending propagate from the tail to the head. Underlying this, electrical activity in myotomal muscles occurs in rhythmic bursts that alternate on either side of a segment. Bursts in ipsilateral segments occur in a caudo-rostral sequence. Curarized embryos can generate motor ner...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- The Journal of experimental biology
دوره 99 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1982